A review by Shima et al. It was published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI) and maps the landscape Biological age (BA) Methods of measurement and tracking of functional tests and blood biomarkers Epigenetic, Protein, Photography, Wearableand Artificial intelligence based Clocks, including first- to third-generation epigenetic clocks (examples: Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, GrimAge, DunedinPACE), according to the review (JCI 2026;136(12):e205777, doi:10.1172/JCI205777). The authors report that next generation efforts are aimed at organ-specific BAs and that evidence is still insufficient for routine clinical use. According to the review, prospective validation is needed before these tools can guide patient care, although they can, in principle, identify high-risk individuals before symptoms appear.
