European Space Agency (ESA) engineers are assembling one of Europe’s most advanced robotic arms, a system designed to handle samples and perform complex tasks during future missions to the Moon and Mars.
The robot, known as a sample transfer arm (STA), can extend up to 2.4 meters and move with seven degrees of freedom, giving it a range of motion similar to a human arm. The system is equipped with cameras, sensors and embedded electronics that allow it to perceive its surroundings and perform tasks with a high level of autonomy.
The robotic arm was originally developed as part of a joint NASA/ESA Mars sample return campaign. Its role was to transport Mars samples collected by NASA’s Perseverance rover for eventual return to Earth.
Although the future of Mars sample returns remains uncertain, the technology is now being developed for a wide range of applications, including future lunar exploration missions.
Space assistant is like a human
The arm features a shoulder, elbow, and wrist configuration similar to a human arm. At its tip is a gripper capable of manipulating objects with precision down to the millimeter.
The system also includes an advanced force and torque sensor that acts as a sense of touch. The sensor measures how an object is pushed, pulled or twisted in 3D space, allowing the arm to manipulate objects with greater precision.
Position sensors integrated throughout the joints continuously calculate the location of the arm tip, helping maintain precise control during operations.
Engineers say this level of accuracy could be useful for a variety of activities in space, including collecting geological samples, transporting equipment, and supporting astronauts during surface missions.
The robotic arm also has its own electronic unit, which serves as the control center for the system. Arm-mounted cameras provide visual awareness, enabling the robot to detect and interact with objects in its environment.
Ready for testing
Teams from Italian aerospace company Leonardo are currently completing the integration of the system at the company’s facility in Nerviano, near Milan.
In the coming weeks, engineers will begin testing arm In simulated space environments to evaluate its performance prior to any future deployment.
The project brings together companies and suppliers from all over Europe. The industrial consortium is led by Leonardo and includes GMV and AVS from Spain, Maxon from Switzerland, 3DPlus from France, COMOTI from Romania, as well as suppliers from Denmark, Greece and Germany.
The arm includes several specialized systems designed for Space flight. These include a flexible wrist mechanism that allows for softer contact with objects, a flat electrical belt that carries hundreds of signals throughout the arm, and structural mechanisms that help withstand the forces experienced during launch and landing.
European space agencies view advanced robotics as a key capability for future exploration missions, especially as crews prepare for longer stays on board. moon And the final missions to Mars.
With its ability to see, feel and manipulate objects autonomously, the sample transfer arm could become an important tool for handling samples and supporting scientific operations beyond Earth.
